International Shipping Is Not One-Size-Fits-All
If you're exporting goods on wooden pallets, the rules change depending on where those goods are going. While ISPM-15 provides a global baseline, individual countries and trade blocs layer on additional requirements, documentation standards, and enforcement practices. Non-compliance doesn't just risk fines — it can result in your shipment being refused entry, destroyed, or returned at your expense.
This guide covers the major destination regions and what you need to know for each.
The Global Standard: ISPM-15
Almost every country that imports goods enforces ISPM-15 to some degree. The standard requires that wood packaging materials (including pallets, crates, and dunnage) be either heat treated (HT) to a core temperature of 56°C for 30 minutes or treated with methyl bromide (MB), though MB is being phased out globally. Compliant pallets must carry the IPPC stamp with the appropriate treatment code, country code, and producer number.
If you do nothing else, ensuring your pallets carry a valid ISPM-15 HT stamp is the minimum requirement for virtually all international shipments.
European Union
The EU strictly enforces ISPM-15. All wood packaging entering the EU must be stamped, and customs authorities actively inspect shipments. Key details for EU-bound shipments:
- Enforcement is consistent: Unlike some regions where enforcement is spotty, the EU checks wood packaging regularly at ports of entry.
- EPAL pallets: While not legally required, many European receivers prefer or require EPAL-stamped pallets (European Pallet Association). EPAL pallets meet strict dimensional and quality standards.
- Moisture limits: Some EU receivers impose maximum moisture content requirements (typically 20–22%) to prevent mold during ocean transit.
- Documentation: While the ISPM-15 stamp on the pallet itself is the primary proof of compliance, some EU customs authorities may request supplementary treatment certificates.
China
China is one of the strictest enforcers of ISPM-15 globally. Chinese customs authorities, AQSIQ (Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine), actively inspect wood packaging and have rejected or fumigated non-compliant shipments routinely.
- ISPM-15 is mandatory: No exceptions. Unmarked or improperly marked pallets will be held at port.
- Bark-free requirement: China strictly enforces the bark-free requirement of ISPM-15. Even small pieces of residual bark on pallet lumber can trigger rejection.
- Re-treatment after repair: If a pallet is repaired using untreated wood, it must be re-treated and re-stamped before shipping to China.
- Additional fumigation: China may require additional fumigation or inspection for shipments from countries with known pest issues.
Australia and New Zealand
Both countries have extremely strict biosecurity regimes. The Australian Department of Agriculture and New Zealand's Ministry for Primary Industries enforce ISPM-15 rigorously and add additional requirements:
- On-arrival inspection rates are high: Expect a significant percentage of shipments to be physically inspected.
- Contamination standards: Beyond pests, authorities check for soil, seed, and plant material contamination on pallets. Dirty pallets — even if heat-treated — may be rejected.
- Documentation: Treatment certificates may be requested in addition to the ISPM-15 stamp.
- Penalties are severe: Non-compliant shipments can be refused entry, re-exported, or destroyed — at the shipper's cost.
Canada and Mexico (USMCA Partners)
Trade between the US, Canada, and Mexico under the USMCA generally follows ISPM-15 standards:
- Canada: Enforces ISPM-15 for wood packaging from all countries, including the US. CFIA (Canadian Food Inspection Agency) conducts inspections.
- Mexico: Requires ISPM-15 compliance. SENASICA (the Mexican food safety authority) enforces the standard at ports and border crossings.
- Tip: Even though enforcement between USMCA countries may seem lighter, non-compliant shipments are still routinely flagged. Don't assume familiarity means leniency.
Middle East and Africa
Requirements vary widely:
- Gulf States (UAE, Saudi Arabia, etc.): ISPM-15 is required and enforced, though inspection rates vary by port.
- Sub-Saharan Africa: Many countries technically require ISPM-15 but enforcement is inconsistent. However, major ports (Lagos, Durban, Mombasa) are tightening inspections.
- Best practice: Treat all shipments to these regions as if strict enforcement applies. The cost of compliance is minimal compared to the cost of a held shipment.
Getting It Right
Universal Pallet Supply provides ISPM-15 certified heat-treated pallets for all international shipping destinations. Our treatment facility is IPPC-registered, and every treated pallet carries a valid, auditable stamp. If you're unsure about requirements for a specific destination, contact our team — we'll help you navigate the regulations and ensure your shipments clear customs smoothly.